Sciatica
What Is Sciatica?
Sciatica is a condition that causes pain along the path of the sciatic nerve, which is the largest nerve in the body. This nerve starts in the lower back, travels through the hips and buttocks, and runs down each leg.
Sciatica is not a diagnosis on its own, but rather a set of symptoms caused by irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve. The most common cause is a problem in the lower spine, such as a herniated disc or spinal stenosis.
At OIBortho, our physicians evaluate and treat sciatica for patients throughout Middlesex, Monmouth, and Ocean Counties.
Symptoms of Sciatica
Sciatica symptoms typically affect one side of the body.
Common symptoms include:
- Lower back pain
- Sharp, burning, or shooting pain down the leg
- Pain in the buttock or hip
- Numbness or tingling in the leg or foot
- Muscle weakness in the affected leg
- Pain that worsens with sitting or standing for long periods
- Difficulty walking or moving comfortably
The intensity of symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe, disabling pain.
Causes of Sciatica
Sciatica is caused by anything that compresses or irritates the sciatic nerve roots in the lower spine.
Common causes include:
- Herniated discs
- Spinal stenosis
- Degenerative disc disease
- Bone spurs (arthritis of the spine)
- Spondylolisthesis (slipped vertebra)
- Muscle tightness (such as piriformis syndrome)
- Injury or trauma to the lower back
In most cases, the issue begins in the lumbar spine.
How Sciatica Is Diagnosed
A physician will start with a physical exam and review your symptoms, including pain patterns and nerve-related changes.
Diagnostic tools may include:
- X-rays
- MRI scans (best for identifying nerve compression)
- CT scans
- Nerve testing (EMG/NCS) if needed
These tests help identify the exact source of nerve irritation.
Understanding Sciatica
Sciatica refers specifically to nerve pain that follows the sciatic nerve pathway. Because this nerve travels from the lower spine down the leg, symptoms often radiate far from the actual source of the problem.
For example, a nerve compressed in the lower back can cause pain that travels all the way down to the foot.
Management and Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the cause and severity of symptoms.
Common options include:
- Activity modification
- Physical therapy and stretching
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Heat or ice therapy
- Epidural steroid injections
- Nerve-targeted rehabilitation exercises
- Surgery in severe or persistent cases (such as microdiscectomy)
Most cases of sciatica improve with conservative care over time.
Why Choose OIBortho?
OIBortho provides expert evaluation and treatment for sciatica and other nerve-related spine conditions. Our physicians focus on identifying the root cause of nerve irritation and creating personalized treatment plans to reduce pain and restore function.
We serve patients throughout Middlesex, Monmouth, and Ocean Counties with convenient, high-quality orthopaedic spine care close to home.
Call 732-800-9000 to speak with one of our scheduling specialists or click here to schedule online 24/7!
Frequently Asked Questions
What does sciatica feel like?
Sciatica often feels like sharp, burning, or electric pain that travels from the lower back down the leg.
Is sciatica a condition or a symptom?
It is a symptom caused by irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve.
How long does sciatica last?
Mild cases may improve within a few weeks, while more severe cases can last longer depending on the cause.
What is the most common cause of sciatica?
The most common cause is a herniated disc in the lower spine.
Can sciatica go away on its own?
Yes, many cases improve with rest, physical therapy, and conservative treatment.
When should I see a physician?
You should seek evaluation if pain is severe, lasts more than a few days, or includes weakness or numbness.