Spondylolisthesis
What Is Spondylolisthesis?
Spondylolisthesis is a condition that occurs when one vertebra (bone) in the spine slips forward over the one below it. This slippage can narrow the space where nerves exit the spine and may lead to pain, stiffness, or nerve-related symptoms.
Spondylolisthesis most commonly occurs in the lower back (lumbar spine), but it can also develop in the neck in less common cases.
The severity can range from mild slippage with little or no symptoms to more significant cases that affect movement and daily function.
At OIBortho, our physicians evaluate and treat spondylolisthesis for patients throughout Middlesex, Monmouth, and Ocean Counties.
Symptoms of Spondylolisthesis
Some people have no symptoms, while others experience ongoing pain or nerve irritation.
Common symptoms include:
- Lower back pain
- Stiffness in the lower back
- Pain that worsens with standing or walking
- Tight hamstrings
- Muscle spasms
- Numbness or tingling in the legs
- Pain that radiates into the buttocks or legs
- Weakness in the legs (in more severe cases)
Symptoms often depend on how much the vertebra has slipped and whether nerves are being compressed.
Causes and Types of Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis can develop for several reasons and is typically classified by cause.
Common types include:
- Degenerative spondylolisthesis: caused by age-related wear and tear of the spine
- Isthmic spondylolisthesis: caused by a stress fracture in a small part of the vertebra, often from repetitive activity
- Traumatic spondylolisthesis: caused by injury or fracture
- Congenital spondylolisthesis: present at birth due to abnormal spinal formation
- Pathologic spondylolisthesis: caused by conditions that weaken the bone, such as tumors or infections (rare)
Risk factors include aging, repetitive spinal stress, genetics, and participation in sports that involve repeated hyperextension of the back.
How Spondylolisthesis Is Diagnosed
A physician will begin with a physical exam and review of symptoms, including movement patterns and nerve function.
Diagnostic tests may include:
- X-rays (often taken while standing)
- MRI scans (to evaluate nerves and discs)
- CT scans (to assess bone detail and fractures)
These tests help determine the degree of slippage and whether nerves are affected.
Understanding Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis affects the alignment and stability of the spine. When a vertebra slips forward, it can change how the spine moves and may place pressure on nearby nerves.
The condition is often graded based on severity, from mild (small slip) to severe (larger slip that may affect stability).
Many people with mild cases are able to manage symptoms without surgery.
Management and Treatment Options
Treatment depends on symptom severity, nerve involvement, and degree of slippage.
Common options include:
- Activity modification
- Physical therapy focused on core strengthening
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Bracing in select cases
- Epidural steroid injections
- Pain management strategies
- Surgical stabilization or spinal fusion in more severe cases
The goal of treatment is to reduce pain, improve stability, and prevent progression.
Why Choose OIBortho?
OIBortho provides expert evaluation and treatment for spondylolisthesis using a personalized, patient-focused approach. Our physicians use advanced imaging and clinical expertise to determine the best treatment plan for each individual.
We serve patients throughout Middlesex, Monmouth, and Ocean Counties with comprehensive orthopaedic spine care close to home.
Call 732-800-9000 to speak with one of our scheduling specialists or click here to schedule online 24/7!
Frequently Asked Questions
What is spondylolisthesis?
It is a condition where one vertebra slips forward over the bone below it.
Is spondylolisthesis serious?
It can range from mild and manageable to more severe cases that affect nerves and mobility.
What causes spondylolisthesis?
Common causes include age-related degeneration, stress fractures, injury, or congenital spine differences.
Can spondylolisthesis heal on its own?
The slippage itself does not typically reverse, but symptoms can often be managed without surgery.
What does spondylolisthesis feel like?
It may cause lower back pain, stiffness, and pain or tingling that radiates into the legs.
When is surgery needed?
Surgery may be considered when pain persists despite treatment or when nerve compression or instability is significant.